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The British Government devised an amendment in the Indian Councils Act 1861, and Indian Councils Act 1892 and the Government of India Act 1835. Lord Morley, the Secretary of State for India, announced in 1906 that the British government planned to increase the empowerment of the Indians in the Legislative Council. Along with Minto, the Conservative Governor General of India, ...Read More »

Before Jinnah joined the All Indian Muslim League in 1913, his political career came under the influence of the Britain where he studied. In 1892, the London Office of Graham’s Shipping and Trading Company offered him an apprenticeship. During his academic years, he came across the British leaders like William Gladstone, and John Morley in the United Kingdom. Also he ...Read More »

The high profile leaders of the All India Muslim League and the Indian National Congress met at Lucknow in 1916 to ponder over the self-government in India. Both the parties agreed on the Congress-League Scheme commonly known as Lucknow Pact. Congress was led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the Maratha leader and Jinnah presided over the All India Muslim League. Jinnah ...Read More »

The major players of the First World War anticipated and planned the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire into many regions since the very inception of war. Territories and the people led by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire were conglomerated. The French and the British army occupied Istambul in November 1918 which led to the partitioning of the Empire. The ...Read More »

The British government sent seven members of the parliament to India to mull over the constitutional reforms by the British government. It was called Simon Commission on the name of John Simon who chaired the seven-member commission. The other six members were Clement Atlee, Harry levy-Lawson, Edward Cadogan, Vernon Hartshorne, George Lane-Fox, and Donald Howard. Interestingly enough, the Commission did ...Read More »

Nehru Report (1928) heralded the Hindu designs towards the Muslims as it proved to be a Hindu document concerned only with the interests of the Hindus. It overtly countered the interests, concerns, and safeguards of the Muslims of the Sub-Continent rejecting the separate electorate. It also disregarded the Delhi Proposals. Consequently, the Muslims felt themselves adrift and looked into the ...Read More »

After the Nehru Report (1928) which deliberately tried to outlaw the Muslims from the legislature of India and denied their separate electorate without which their identity, interests, and even existence was in danger. Muslim intelligentsia played their role to combat the situation and found solutions of India’s constitutional, communal, religious, and cultural differences and disputes. Allama Mohammad Iqbal was one ...Read More »

The British government appointed a Select Committee of 16 members ( from the House of Lords and House of Commons) to formulate the new constitution of India in 1935 after a sequence of political events including Nehru Report (1928), Fourteen Points of Jinnah (1929), and the Round Table Conferences (1930-33). The Committee consisted of 20 representatives of India and seven ...Read More »

After the three Round Table conferences, Government of India Act 1935 was implemented. Though it was not hailed by the All India Muslim league and the the Indian National Congress, two major parties of India did not hail it but the both participated the general elections held under the Government of India Act 1935 in the winter of 1936-37. The ...Read More »

Lahore Resolution 1940 is an important landmark in the history of Indo-Pak as it determined the path for the Muslims. Passed in the three-days annual meeting (March 22-24, 1940 at Minto Park Lahore) of All India Muslim League, Lahore Resolution led to the establishment of Pakistan after seven years. It was presided over by Mohammad Ali Jinnah and attended by ...Read More »